Discretize

java.lang.Object
- weka.filters.Filter
- - weka.filters.supervised.attribute.Discretize

All Implemented Interfaces:: java.io.Serializable, CapabilitiesHandler, CapabilitiesIgnorer, CommandlineRunnable, OptionHandler, RevisionHandler, TechnicalInformationHandler, WeightedAttributesHandler, WeightedInstancesHandler, SupervisedFilter

public class Discretize
extends Filter
implements SupervisedFilter, OptionHandler, WeightedInstancesHandler, WeightedAttributesHandler, TechnicalInformationHandler

An instance filter that discretizes a range of numeric attributes in the dataset into nominal attributes. Discretization is by Fayyad & Irani's MDL method (the default).

For more information, see:

Usama M. Fayyad, Keki B. Irani: Multi-interval discretization of continuousvalued attributes for classification learning. In: Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence, 1022-1027, 1993.

Igor Kononenko: On Biases in Estimating Multi-Valued Attributes. In: 14th International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence, 1034-1040, 1995.

BibTeX:

 @inproceedings{Fayyad1993,
    author = {Usama M. Fayyad and Keki B. Irani},
    booktitle = {Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence},
    pages = {1022-1027},
    publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
    title = {Multi-interval discretization of continuousvalued attributes for classification learning},
    volume = {2},
    year = {1993}
 }
 
 @inproceedings{Kononenko1995,
    author = {Igor Kononenko},
    booktitle = {14th International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence},
    pages = {1034-1040},
    title = {On Biases in Estimating Multi-Valued Attributes},
    year = {1995},
    PS = {http://ai.fri.uni-lj.si/papers/kononenko95-ijcai.ps.gz}
 }

Valid options are:

 -R <col1,col2-col4,...>
  Specifies list of columns to Discretize. First and last are valid indexes.
  (default none)

 -V
  Invert matching sense of column indexes.

 -D
  Output binary attributes for discretized attributes.

 -Y
  Use bin numbers rather than ranges for discretized attributes.

 -E
  Use better encoding of split point for MDL.

 -K
  Use Kononenko's MDL criterion.

 -precision <integer>
  Precision for bin boundary labels.
  (default = 6 decimal places).

-spread-attribute-weight
  When generating binary attributes, spread weight of old
  attribute across new attributes. Do not give each new attribute the old weight.

Version:: $Revision: 14509 $
Author:: Len Trigg (trigg@cs.waikato.ac.nz), Eibe Frank (eibe@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
See Also:: Serialized Form

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description

Discretize()
Constructor - initialises the filter

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`Discretize()` Constructor - initialises the filter

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`java.lang.String`	`attributeIndicesTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property
`boolean`	`batchFinished()` Signifies that this batch of input to the filter is finished.
`java.lang.String`	`binRangePrecisionTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property
`java.lang.String`	`getAttributeIndices()` Gets the current range selection
`int`	`getBinRangePrecision()` Get the precision for bin boundaries.
`java.lang.String`	`getBinRangesString(int attributeIndex)` Gets the bin ranges string for an attribute
`Capabilities`	`getCapabilities()` Returns the Capabilities of this filter.
`double[]`	`getCutPoints(int attributeIndex)` Gets the cut points for an attribute
`boolean`	`getInvertSelection()` Gets whether the supplied columns are to be removed or kept
`boolean`	`getMakeBinary()` Gets whether binary attributes should be made for discretized ones.
`java.lang.String[]`	`getOptions()` Gets the current settings of the filter.
`java.lang.String`	`getRevision()` Returns the revision string.
`boolean`	`getSpreadAttributeWeight()` If true, when generating binary attributes, spread weight of old attribute across new attributes.
`TechnicalInformation`	`getTechnicalInformation()` Returns an instance of a TechnicalInformation object, containing detailed information about the technical background of this class, e.g., paper reference or book this class is based on.
`boolean`	`getUseBetterEncoding()` Gets whether better encoding is to be used for MDL.
`boolean`	`getUseBinNumbers()` Gets whether bin numbers rather than ranges should be used for discretized attributes.
`boolean`	`getUseKononenko()` Gets whether Kononenko's MDL criterion is to be used.
`java.lang.String`	`globalInfo()` Returns a string describing this filter
`boolean`	`input(Instance instance)` Input an instance for filtering.
`java.lang.String`	`invertSelectionTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property
`java.util.Enumeration<Option>`	`listOptions()` Gets an enumeration describing the available options.
`static void`	`main(java.lang.String[] argv)` Main method for testing this class.
`java.lang.String`	`makeBinaryTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property
`void`	`setAttributeIndices(java.lang.String rangeList)` Sets which attributes are to be Discretized (only numeric attributes among the selection will be Discretized).
`void`	`setAttributeIndicesArray(int[] attributes)` Sets which attributes are to be Discretized (only numeric attributes among the selection will be Discretized).
`void`	`setBinRangePrecision(int p)` Set the precision for bin boundaries.
`boolean`	`setInputFormat(Instances instanceInfo)` Sets the format of the input instances.
`void`	`setInvertSelection(boolean invert)` Sets whether selected columns should be removed or kept.
`void`	`setMakeBinary(boolean makeBinary)` Sets whether binary attributes should be made for discretized ones.
`void`	`setOptions(java.lang.String[] options)` Parses a given list of options.
`void`	`setSpreadAttributeWeight(boolean p)` If true, when generating binary attributes, spread weight of old attribute across new attributes.
`void`	`setUseBetterEncoding(boolean useBetterEncoding)` Sets whether better encoding is to be used for MDL.
`void`	`setUseBinNumbers(boolean useBinNumbers)` Sets whether bin numbers rather than ranges should be used for discretized attributes.
`void`	`setUseKononenko(boolean useKon)` Sets whether Kononenko's MDL criterion is to be used.
`java.lang.String`	`spreadAttributeWeightTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property
`java.lang.String`	`useBetterEncodingTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property
`java.lang.String`	`useBinNumbersTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property
`java.lang.String`	`useKononenkoTipText()` Returns the tip text for this property

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Methods inherited from interface weka.core.OptionHandler
makeCopy

- Constructor Detail
  - Discretize
```
public Discretize()
```
    Constructor - initialises the filter
- Method Detail
  - listOptions
```
public java.util.Enumeration<Option> listOptions()
```
    Gets an enumeration describing the available options.
    
    Specified by:
    
    listOptions in interface OptionHandler
    
    Overrides:
    
    listOptions in class Filter
    
    Returns:
    
    an enumeration of all the available options.
  - setOptions
```
public void setOptions(java.lang.String[] options)
                throws java.lang.Exception
```
    Parses a given list of options.
    Valid options are:
```
 -R <col1,col2-col4,...>
  Specifies list of columns to Discretize. First and last are valid indexes.
  (default none)
```
```
 -V
  Invert matching sense of column indexes.
```
```
 -D
  Output binary attributes for discretized attributes.
```
```
 -Y
  Use bin numbers rather than ranges for discretized attributes.
```
```
 -E
  Use better encoding of split point for MDL.
```
```
 -K
  Use Kononenko's MDL criterion.
```
```
 -precision <integer>
  Precision for bin boundary labels.
  (default = 6 decimal places).
```
```
-spread-attribute-weight
  When generating binary attributes, spread weight of old
  attribute across new attributes. Do not give each new attribute the old weight.
```
    Specified by:
    
    setOptions in interface OptionHandler
    
    Overrides:
    
    setOptions in class Filter
    
    Parameters:
    
    options - the list of options as an array of strings
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.Exception - if an option is not supported
  - getOptions
```
public java.lang.String[] getOptions()
```
    Gets the current settings of the filter.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getOptions in interface OptionHandler
    
    Overrides:
    
    getOptions in class Filter
    
    Returns:
    
    an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions
  - getCapabilities
```
public Capabilities getCapabilities()
```
    Returns the Capabilities of this filter.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getCapabilities in interface CapabilitiesHandler
    
    Overrides:
    
    getCapabilities in class Filter
    
    Returns:
    
    the capabilities of this object
    
    See Also:
    
    Capabilities
  - setInputFormat
```
public boolean setInputFormat(Instances instanceInfo)
                       throws java.lang.Exception
```
    Sets the format of the input instances.
    
    Overrides:
    
    setInputFormat in class Filter
    
    Parameters:
    
    instanceInfo - an Instances object containing the input instance structure (any instances contained in the object are ignored - only the structure is required).
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the outputFormat may be collected immediately
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.Exception - if the input format can't be set successfully
  - input
```
public boolean input(Instance instance)
```
    Input an instance for filtering. Ordinarily the instance is processed and made available for output immediately. Some filters require all instances be read before producing output.
    
    Overrides:
    
    input in class Filter
    
    Parameters:
    
    instance - the input instance
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the filtered instance may now be collected with output().
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalStateException - if no input format has been defined.
  - batchFinished
```
public boolean batchFinished()
```
    Signifies that this batch of input to the filter is finished. If the filter requires all instances prior to filtering, output() may now be called to retrieve the filtered instances.
    
    Overrides:
    
    batchFinished in class Filter
    
    Returns:
    
    true if there are instances pending output
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalStateException - if no input structure has been defined
  - globalInfo
```
public java.lang.String globalInfo()
```
    Returns a string describing this filter
    
    Returns:
    
    a description of the filter suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - getTechnicalInformation
```
public TechnicalInformation getTechnicalInformation()
```
    Returns an instance of a TechnicalInformation object, containing detailed information about the technical background of this class, e.g., paper reference or book this class is based on.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getTechnicalInformation in interface TechnicalInformationHandler
    
    Returns:
    
    the technical information about this class
  - spreadAttributeWeightTipText
```
public java.lang.String spreadAttributeWeightTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - setSpreadAttributeWeight
```
public void setSpreadAttributeWeight(boolean p)
```
    If true, when generating binary attributes, spread weight of old attribute across new attributes. Do not give each new attribute the old weight.
    
    Parameters:
    
    p - whether weight is spread
  - getSpreadAttributeWeight
```
public boolean getSpreadAttributeWeight()
```
    If true, when generating binary attributes, spread weight of old attribute across new attributes. Do not give each new attribute the old weight.
    
    Returns:
    
    whether weight is spread
  - binRangePrecisionTipText
```
public java.lang.String binRangePrecisionTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - setBinRangePrecision
```
public void setBinRangePrecision(int p)
```
    Set the precision for bin boundaries. Only affects the boundary values used in the labels for the converted attributes; internal cutpoints are at full double precision.
    
    Parameters:
    
    p - the precision for bin boundaries
  - getBinRangePrecision
```
public int getBinRangePrecision()
```
    Get the precision for bin boundaries. Only affects the boundary values used in the labels for the converted attributes; internal cutpoints are at full double precision.
    
    Returns:
    
    the precision for bin boundaries
  - makeBinaryTipText
```
public java.lang.String makeBinaryTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - getMakeBinary
```
public boolean getMakeBinary()
```
    Gets whether binary attributes should be made for discretized ones.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if attributes will be binarized
  - setMakeBinary
```
public void setMakeBinary(boolean makeBinary)
```
    Sets whether binary attributes should be made for discretized ones.
    
    Parameters:
    
    makeBinary - if binary attributes are to be made
  - useBinNumbersTipText
```
public java.lang.String useBinNumbersTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - getUseBinNumbers
```
public boolean getUseBinNumbers()
```
    Gets whether bin numbers rather than ranges should be used for discretized attributes.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if bin numbers should be used
  - setUseBinNumbers
```
public void setUseBinNumbers(boolean useBinNumbers)
```
    Sets whether bin numbers rather than ranges should be used for discretized attributes.
    
    Parameters:
    
    useBinNumbers - if bin numbers should be used
  - useKononenkoTipText
```
public java.lang.String useKononenkoTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - getUseKononenko
```
public boolean getUseKononenko()
```
    Gets whether Kononenko's MDL criterion is to be used.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if Kononenko's criterion will be used.
  - setUseKononenko
```
public void setUseKononenko(boolean useKon)
```
    Sets whether Kononenko's MDL criterion is to be used.
    
    Parameters:
    
    useKon - true if Kononenko's one is to be used
  - useBetterEncodingTipText
```
public java.lang.String useBetterEncodingTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - getUseBetterEncoding
```
public boolean getUseBetterEncoding()
```
    Gets whether better encoding is to be used for MDL.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the better MDL encoding will be used
  - setUseBetterEncoding
```
public void setUseBetterEncoding(boolean useBetterEncoding)
```
    Sets whether better encoding is to be used for MDL.
    
    Parameters:
    
    useBetterEncoding - true if better encoding to be used.
  - invertSelectionTipText
```
public java.lang.String invertSelectionTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - getInvertSelection
```
public boolean getInvertSelection()
```
    Gets whether the supplied columns are to be removed or kept
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the supplied columns will be kept
  - setInvertSelection
```
public void setInvertSelection(boolean invert)
```
    Sets whether selected columns should be removed or kept. If true the selected columns are kept and unselected columns are deleted. If false selected columns are deleted and unselected columns are kept.
    
    Parameters:
    
    invert - the new invert setting
  - attributeIndicesTipText
```
public java.lang.String attributeIndicesTipText()
```
    Returns the tip text for this property
    
    Returns:
    
    tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
  - getAttributeIndices
```
public java.lang.String getAttributeIndices()
```
    Gets the current range selection
    
    Returns:
    
    a string containing a comma separated list of ranges
  - setAttributeIndices
```
public void setAttributeIndices(java.lang.String rangeList)
```
    Sets which attributes are to be Discretized (only numeric attributes among the selection will be Discretized).
    
    Parameters:
    
    rangeList - a string representing the list of attributes. Since the string will typically come from a user, attributes are indexed from 1.
    eg: first-3,5,6-last
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if an invalid range list is supplied
  - setAttributeIndicesArray
```
public void setAttributeIndicesArray(int[] attributes)
```
    Sets which attributes are to be Discretized (only numeric attributes among the selection will be Discretized).
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributes - an array containing indexes of attributes to Discretize. Since the array will typically come from a program, attributes are indexed from 0.
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if an invalid set of ranges is supplied
  - getCutPoints
```
public double[] getCutPoints(int attributeIndex)
```
    Gets the cut points for an attribute
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeIndex - the index (from 0) of the attribute to get the cut points of
    
    Returns:
    
    an array containing the cutpoints (or null if the attribute requested isn't being Discretized
  - getBinRangesString
```
public java.lang.String getBinRangesString(int attributeIndex)
```
    Gets the bin ranges string for an attribute
    
    Parameters:
    
    attributeIndex - the index (from 0) of the attribute to get the bin ranges string of
    
    Returns:
    
    the bin ranges string (or null if the attribute requested has been discretized into only one interval.)
  - getRevision
```
public java.lang.String getRevision()
```
    Returns the revision string.
    
    Specified by:
    
    getRevision in interface RevisionHandler
    
    Overrides:
    
    getRevision in class Filter
    
    Returns:
    
    the revision
  - main
```
public static void main(java.lang.String[] argv)
```
    Main method for testing this class.
    
    Parameters:
    
    argv - should contain arguments to the filter: use -h for help

Class Discretize

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class weka.filters.Filter

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Methods inherited from interface weka.core.OptionHandler

Constructor Detail

Discretize

Method Detail

listOptions

setOptions

getOptions

getCapabilities

setInputFormat

input

batchFinished

globalInfo

getTechnicalInformation

spreadAttributeWeightTipText

setSpreadAttributeWeight

getSpreadAttributeWeight

binRangePrecisionTipText

setBinRangePrecision

getBinRangePrecision

makeBinaryTipText

getMakeBinary

setMakeBinary

useBinNumbersTipText

getUseBinNumbers

setUseBinNumbers

useKononenkoTipText

getUseKononenko

setUseKononenko

useBetterEncodingTipText

getUseBetterEncoding

setUseBetterEncoding

invertSelectionTipText

getInvertSelection

setInvertSelection

attributeIndicesTipText

getAttributeIndices

setAttributeIndices

setAttributeIndicesArray

getCutPoints

getBinRangesString

getRevision

main